Mowa zależna i mowa niezależna:

 

Tom says , „ J love Mary ”. - mowa  niezależna ( direct speech)               Gdy jest czas teraźniejszy następstwo             

Tom says (that) he loves Mary. - mowa zależna ( indirect speech )           czasów nie następuje !!!

 

 

Present Continuous

 to be+V-ing

Present Perfect Continuous

have+been+V-ing

Present Simple

do,does

Present Perfect

have+PP

Future Simple

will

Future Continuous

will+be+V-ing

 

Past Continuous

 wer,was+V-ing

Past Perfect Continuous

had+been+V-ing

(nie zmienia się)

 

Past Simple

did

 

Past Perfect

had+PP

(nie zmienia się)

Future Simple

in the Past

would

(nie zmienia się)

Future Continuous

in the Past

would+be+V-ing

(nie zmienia się)

 

 

 

 

Past Perfect Continuous

had+been+V-ing

(nie zmienia się)

 

Past Perfect

had+PP

(nie zmienia się)

 

 

 

 

 

Czasowniki ułomne:                                                                      Okoliczniki czasu:                                           

cancould                                                                                           herethere                                                     

maymight                                                                                         nowthen 

have tohad to                                                                                   today that day

must  had to                                                                                     tomorrownext day / following day 

could         nie                                                                                       next day , monthfollowing day , month

shouldzmienią                                                                                 yesterdaythe day before

ought to     się                                                                                      thisthat

                                                                                                            thatthe

                                                                                                           thesethose

                                                                                                          agobefore